Lead-free brass is a copper-zinc alloy designed to eliminate or minimise lead content (typically less than 0.25% by weight) while maintaining the desirable properties of traditional brass alloys. These alloys use alternative elements such as bismuth, silicon, phosphorus, tin, or nickel to replace lead while preserving machinability, strength, and corrosion resistance. Lead-free brass was developed primarily for safety and environmental compliance, particularly for drinking water applications, as lead can pose serious health risks when it leaches into potable water systems. These alloys demonstrate excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, antimicrobial characteristics, and comply with strict health and safety regulations, including the Safe Drinking Water Act, RoHS, and California Proposition 65.
Equivalent lead-free brass grades with their ISO symbols and international standards are:
CuZn35 (ISO), corresponding to UNS C27000 with no direct EN, BS, JIS, or IS equivalents noted.
CuZn30As (ISO), corresponding to EN CW707R and BS CZ126 with no UNS, JIS, or IS equivalents noted.
CuZn28Sn1As (ISO), equivalent to EN CW706R with no other standard equivalents listed.
CuZn15 (ISO), matching UNS C23000 with no other standard equivalents specified.
CuZn18 (ISO), corresponding to UNS C23400 with no other standard equivalents noted.
Specialised lead-free grades include silicon brass (C69300), bismuth brass (C89833), and various other compositions that utilise alternative alloying elements to achieve specific performance characteristics while maintaining lead content below regulatory limits.